Manufacture of ice and production of cold, &amp;c.



No. 628,158. Patented ma -4, was. c. TELLI'ER.

NANUFACTUBE 0F :05 AND PmnucT soN 0? com, 81.0.

(Application filed Apr. 23, 1896) (No Model.)

Sheets-Sheet Patehted July 4, I899.

- c. TELLIER.

MANUFACTURE OF ICE AND PRODUCTION 6F COLD, 8:.0.

(Application filed Apr. 23, 1896.)

3 Sheets-Sheet 2 (No Model) oooooooooooqoooooo L L I F 5 q 6 n pump.

' vantageous'ly be immersed inalkaline' water.

' about the same metallic plates united at their.

. taining to the use of. tubes for this purpose.

air and subsequently withdraw the water or witlif" floats, and in some cases, when? found desirable, the pump-cylinders may be made of'caou't'chouc-or india-rubber to prevent the I .jacket the hooked armsLQ Q and the super- .UNITED STATES CHARLES TELLIER, or rAnIs, FRANCE, ASSIGXOR 'ro rnr: coininicxna- GENERALE DES NorvEL'Lns ixvnx'ri'oxs (aunties 'ruiytinn, or

SAME PLACE.

MANUFACTURE: OF ICE AND ERODUYCTIGN o? COLD, 84.0.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 628,150, dated July 4, 1899.

plication filed April 23,1896.

T0 rt- IU/lU/It N Hwy run 411w;

Be it known that I, CHARLEs 'lIEILLIEH, a citizen of the Republic ofl rancc, residing at Paris, France, have invented new and useful Improvements in the Manufacture of Iceand in the Prod notion of Cold and in Apparatus vaporized in a vacuum in, the presence. of an absorbent and with the help of acomprcssioa I fill the apparatusivith liquid \vhich has been deprived of air in order to displace the liquid so employed. v

To avoid the entrance of air into the appa ratns, which is a very important inatt'er, I

it is possible for air to enter on account of defects in the material or through rivets, bolt'sf, &c., in a tank or cistern containing alkaline water or other thick fluid. The vacuum is produced by completely filling the apparatus withwater or other suitable liquid freed from air and by then pumping the liquids from the apparatus bymeans of a pump which-niaytdor other liquid,'as above described. A layer of oil or'petroleum is pouredon the water or liquid, so'that the latter cannot absorb air.

4 The exchange of heat being of the greatest importance in my apparalus,1 employ to bring peripher'iesby'me ans of rivets or bolts, so as to obtain a large surfacein a small'space and at a low costandavoidthedisadvant-ages apper- Infinyiihproved' apparatus I may dispense enteringbf air through the stuffing-boxes.

Toenable my invention to be fully under- Scrinl No. 588,836. No model.

i into practice by reference to the accompanying drz'iirings, in \yhich- Figure '1 is an elevation, partly in section, pf an apparatus for the manufacture of and /prod\u:tion.of cold according to my invention.

tubes employed in the absorbing-chamber. Figfi'is a vertical section of a heat-exchanger inl n-"lii ch plates are employed instead of the tubes i n the exchangers shown in Fig. 1. Fig. 4 is an edge view illustrating the construction and arrangementof the said plates shown in Fig. 3. Fig. 5 is a horizontal section of'the' exchangershown in Fig. 3. Fig. 6 is an edge "View showing another way of arranging-the heat-exchanging plates. Fig. 7 is a side elevation of the same.

. The apparatus shown in Fig. ,1 consists Fig: 2 is an elevation of an arrangement ofprincipally of, first,a freezing vessel A; secend, an absorbing apparatus or absorber B; third, exchangers G and D; fourth, a conk/ centra'tor E; fifth, pumps F and G; sixth, replace all the parts of the same through which;

ceiversH, I, J, and K. M

Forjthe successful Working of this appara:

tus it; is necessary'the're shall be a perfectvacuum in' the vessels A and B. For this purpose the said vessels and their accessories are located in a tank L, filled With WZIt-GE comtight joint In the freezing vessel Aji re located superposed trays a a, which canbe re- I moved by means of" the hooked arm-s Q Q.

These arms, as shown in Fig. 1, have their 9 books at their upper ends to afford handles for lifting and at their lower ends are transversely connected, as shown, thus aflording a ready means for removing the trays. m

R R indicate an inner jacket/of thin sheet iron within the'vessel A, and withinwhich posed trays are placed.

stood," I will describe howit can be carried lhe apparatus rests on an insulating-body A, (see Fig. 1,) run into a metal or wood base A. Two conditions which will be found to be complied with in thcdiiferent examples hereinafter described re necessary for a successful wt'trking, viz: iirst, an absolute vacuum; second, theabsorption of the vapors produced.

The absorption takes place in the absorber B, connected to the freezing vessel A by a short pipe or tube S, provided with a valve T, manipulated by means of a rod U and a hand-wheel V. When the valve T is open, the vapor which is produced in A by the evaporation of the liquid becoming cooled and which fills the whole of the chamber A passes through theoutlet-aperture S S and enters and fills the absorber BI main there indefinitely and the operation would be stopped it suitable means were not employed for getting rid of it. Such means consist in the continuous introduction ofa liquid capable of absorbing the vapors-for instance, sulfuric acid, a concentrated solution of chiorid of calcium, or a concentrated solution of soda or potash, the. The absorbent enters through the tithe W, which discharges into a perforated trough X, which causes the absorbent to be distributed over two rows of superposed tubes Z Z of suitable length. The number of rows is proportionate to the eifect to be produced. Each tube Z is coiled in a zigzag manner, as shown in Fig. 2, and is provided with saw-like teeth which facilitate the distribution of the liquid. This arrangement atiords a very large absorption-snrtztceadapted to take up the latent heat disengaged by the absorption of the vapors through the-medium of the current of water coming from the receiver J and caused to pass into the tube M and thence through a lateral branch tube m" to the trough X. Underthe ac! ion of the continuous vaporization ice is formed in tllo trays a. To remove it, it is onlyv i'ieeessarg, to uncover the apparatus and by means of the hooked arm Q to lift-out the whole of the trays a.

The vacuum is produced as follow. The Valve T being shut water is introduced into the apparatus through cock I) and through any other cock or cocks, if needed, until it reaches beyond the valves (1 1/, cat-h located in funnci which may bcprovided with a tube ffor conducting um water away;v This operation also takes place in vessel li. necte receiver .i with receiver-ll, pipes M mconncct .lwith vessel ii, and pipe'n mmuects with receiver R. When the air has been driven out by the water, the pumps l are started and by means of the tubes 9 7L draw off all the water from A and ii, couscqlumtly producing a vacuum therein. The, i'ucnuin, however, would be imperfect with ordinary water. The outer is therefore not drawn from t to receiver J, but from the rec ivers K II, both containing boiled water protected from coutzictfroin thcairbya laycrof oil or petroleuni. A float (see Fig. i) serves in a well- It would rc- Pipe Mcon-' known manner to arrest the flow of the liquid when it has reached a-given level. By this means I produce a. perfect vacuum, and the water which remains in the trays a, and which is to be converted into ice, is sterilized and filtered water, so thatit gives rise to or forms a transparent ice.

It is impossible to thoroughly purify the absorber B from traces of the materials employed for the absorption and which dissolve in the water, serving to produce a vacuum. It is therefore economical to make repeated use of the water from'the absorber. For this purpose a special receiver H is employed for storing the said water which is introduced therein through a two-way cock land tube m.

I will now describe how the water is sterilized and the absorbent again brought to the proper strength for the process. These two operations requiring heat are carried out in a peculiar manner with the aid of the concentratingapparatusg. It consists of two partsnamely, the generatoro of suitable construction, which may be replaced bya steam-heated receiver, and the washer E, placed above the said generator. As soon as the freezing apparatus is at work the absorbent is introduced into the trough X of the absorber-B from the receiver I through the tube pand cock W. In order that absorber- B may not become too quickly filled with the absorbent, the pump G causes the absorbent liquid to pass through the cock l, tu'be q, exchanger D, tuber, 100

washer E, and tube a into the generator 0,

where the water absorbed is driven off by heat. To free the vapor given oil? from any particles of the absorbent which it may have carried along, I wash it in the liquid which is to;

just going in to the concentrator to reproduce the absorbent. For this purpose Icause it'to leave the generator 0 through the tube t. This tube is bent over, as shown in Fig.1, so

as to enter the washing vessel E at its top, 116

whence it extends downward to near its bottom and then extends therein horizontally. The vapor escaping from this pipe becomes washed in the liquid, which about half fills this washer E. This liquid retains the partin5 cles of absorbent carried along, and final-1y the vapor, as purified as'possiblc, collects in the upper part; of I whence it can be taken as required. The absorbing liquid, which isconceuiraiod in the gcucratort),cscapesthrongh no a tube '16, (shown in dotted lines,) the flow lie-- iug regulated by the float h, which can hereplaccd by a pump with weighted valve. The generator 0 and its connections are heated by any ordinary uu-ans-as, for instance, :25

through the agoncyol" a furnace within which it incloscd, the door of which 2' shown be' ncalh thegencrator in Fig. l. FlOlll the tithe I/ the liquid passes through the tube In and cap or cover X of the exchanger l) down 130 gh th tu s nstituting the said exchangrrs, (see th part broken away,) and thenceinto thc base 7, where it leaves through the tu e u., -,onucctcd to the tube p, which conducts theliq'uid to its receiver I. A layer of petroleum prevents it from becoming affected by contact with the air.

Instead of'employingthe generator 0 for.

regenerating the absolvent I can utilize the heating action of steam from any suitable source. i

The vapor produced by the'concentration of the absorbent would become distributed in the second apparatus similar to B, and as bythistime it would be water which would be caused to pass into the coil similar to z the condensation of the disengaged vapor would take place in u. I would observe that the washer E could be retained between the said two'apparatus.

The action of the exchanger-D is easily explained as follows: Coming from the absorber B is a cold liquid, which requires to be heated. On the other hand, in the generator 0 there is a hot liquid, which it is necessary to cool. By causing the two liquids to circulate in opposite directions in the exchanger D an exchange of heat is eifected. Consequently the liquid that is conducted back into the absorber willbe cooled, while'that passing into the generator will-be heated. The exchangertubes y in the exchanger D can be replaced by flat chambers of two sheets of iron suand the third at c c. c

pairs.

. in the drawings, such small scale reducing e indicatingthat which may be placed within the chambers.

The liquid enters'the chambers (see Fig. 3) through thetube Uand passes out through the tube 0?, the circular form of the cylinder permitting these tubes to be connected therewith at any needed or desirable places. The path of the pipe D which is within Fig.

3-is perforated, as shown, as is also the plate (1 which is supported ibyf and rests on a cross-bar or ledges above it. The horizontal section, Fig. 5, of the cylinder A shows how a large number of these flatchambers can be 'placed in one cylinder. 'iAs shown in the.

horizontal section, the whole of these surfaces, each of whichis shown. at c, c, 850., fol-ma parallelepiped f f, while the casing g is cylindrical. The small scale on which these parts 0, &c., are shown (thesheets composing them being of only one millimeterin thickness) precludes the showing in cross-section them to mere lines, as will be readily understood The liquid the'heat of 'which'is to h with sand or other suitablematerial.

-be exchanged, and Which'(see Fig. 3) arrives through the tube D, would then, if there were no obstacles, enter the spaces h h and would pass through the same without being subjected to anyexchange. In order to avoid this objection, I place wood or sheet-iron panels at o' a, &c.', and fill all the spaces support this sand or other material, the grating B, Fig. 3, is made solid or full at i t" beneath the spaces 727 h. A layer of cement a few centimeters in thickness or other plastic materials deposited upon thefull parts 1" i before the introduction of the sand insures perfect tightness. Consequently the liquid cannot pass through the spaces h, and it is forced to travel between the plates.

Figs. 6 and 7 illustrate another method of forming fiat chambers for eifecting the exchange. Instead of being united at their periphery by rivets the sheets of iron I) b are placed side by side, but separated by metal or other distance-pieces j. Bolts, one of 'which is shown-at l in Fig. 6 and the holes for which are shown at l in Fig. 7, are passed through the iron sheets I), b, &c., the distance-pieces j, and the bars or covering angle-pieces .70, and they allow, .by means of metal or other join; of securing and locking together the wnole apparatus. Fig. 7 is drawn to one-fifteenth the size of Fig. 6 the better to show. the details.

Asufficient number of distance or tie bolts m, Fig. 7, allows of supporting the apparatus, notwithstanding the pressu eo several atmospheres which may oe exerted from the interior.

Short tubes 0 1; allow of the liquid circulat-ing as required. Thesetubes are applied YOU over the small openings (shown in Fig. 6)

made at n n over the distance-pieces so that the admission of the liquid into the flat chambers of the exchanger is insured.

Wire-gauze, fragments of which areshown in Fig. 7, can be placed, if desired, between the sheet-iron plates of each cell or chamber. The cells thus formed work in pairs-that is to say, one of the liquids rises in one of the cells while the other liquid descends in the other cell, whereby theexchangeof tempera- IIO ture is efi'ected. Thus in Fig.7 one of the liquids rises through the lower 'tube 0' and passes -through the upper tube 0', while the othepliquid enters through the upper tube 19 I! and passes out through the lower tube p The object of the wire-gauze is to force the liquids in circulation to be in constant move-S meut in order to cause their incessently-agitated atoms to lick the surfaces, which greatly assists the calorific action. i

' Tlie result of the cold and hot liquids traveling in opposite. directions, as above stated,

tisan exchange of their temperatures, which is a result desired whether it be obtained by the tubular columns shown at O D or whether it blbrought about by the arrangement of the vessel u is ing operation.

sterilized and freed from air, which escapes parts which I have just described and which is illustrated in Figs. 3, 4, 5, 6, and 71 To effect the sterilization of the water and its separation from the gases dissolved in it, 7 the water is conducted from tank J by the tube g (see Fig. 1) into the base '1" of the exchanger C, which is exactly similar to the exchanger D. The water rises in the exchanger 0, reaches the cap or cover a, whence it passes through a tube 6 to the vessel u, which it fills up to the overflow-pipe o. In

a coiled pipe, which continuously receives the vapor accumulated in E through the tube 1.0. This coil I employ to boil the water intended to be frozen, and from which bysuchhoilingIclimiuatetheeir. Now in order that the boiling may take place a temperature of 100 is required. It is therefore also necessary that the coil of vessel it shall condense the vapor which it receives to a pressure of one-half to one kilogram above that of the atmosphere, corresponding to about U2". To this end the vapor does not escape freely from the coil. It is retained by a valve .10 weighted to one-half to one kilogram, so as to obtain the desired pressure in the coil. The pressure of the onehalf to one kilogram may be varied. The temperature of the water contained in a will therefore be maintained at 100 centigradc for a sufiicient length of time for it to become with the vapor produced through .c'. The water issues through the overflow-pipe c, which passes downward and conducts it into the top of thekxchanger (3, after traversing which it reaches the bottom of the same, passes off at as, and is conducted by the tube 7 to the bottom of the filter .2", (which may be a reversible iilter,) and finally leaves through the tube a". The pipe 1 2. conductsit to the receiver K, where it remains until required for use. The cockq Fig. 1, allows of regulating the flow.

.The apparatus works with a quantity of heat equivalent to that produced in the freez- The airfrom the receivers being compressed by the water and protected by a layer of oil or anindia-rubber cushion will furnish the required degree of pressure, a monte-j us. A float will prevent the egress of the layer of oil.

Thepumps sometimes allow air to enter by reason of the porosity of the metal of which theya-re mado aswellas through the imperfect stuffing-boxes. To obviate this objection, it is necessary toplace them in tanks containing water or other liquid covering" the stuffing-boxes. They can even be placed in the tank I bu t as it is always necessary that they should be lower than the freezing vessel A and absorber ll the tank must in this case be provided with two chambeis or wells adapted to receive the said pumps. By opening ti molt I1" and closing that at l 0" while the generator is heated the-vapor fills the generator and sterilizers the contents;

In some cases itis required-to produce coldliquid currents. In such cases alcohol, water containing a salt in solution, an alkali, anammoniacal solution, or the like may be used. 1

means of a vacuum, the combination with and" within the exchangers, of metal plates and'a wiregauze interposed between the sheets forming the exchangers and serving to keep the liquids which are in circulation, constantly agitated, and to force them to lick-the exchanging surfacesformed by such sheets.

2. In an apparatus for producing cold by means ofa vacuum, the combination of the freezing vessel, with the absorber, and exchangers with metal plates separated by wiregauze interposed between the sheets forming the exchangers and serving to keep the liq during circulation and 9o uids finely divided forcing them to lick the exchanging-surfaces formed by such sheets.

3. In an apparatus for producing cold by means of a vacuum, the combination of the exchangers provided with metal plates anda wire gauze interposed between the sheets formin" the exchangers as set forth, with'the filter c, all substantially as described.

4. In an apparatus for'produoing cold by means ofa vacuum, the combination of the exchangers provided with metal plates and a wiregauze interposed between the sheets forming the exchangers as set forth, the furnace O, concentrator E, and still 10, all substantially as described.

5. In an apparatus for producing cold bymeans of a vacuum, the combination of the exchangers provided with metal plates and a wire-gauze interposed between the sheets forming the exchangers as set forth, with a circulating-pump and concentrator, all substantially as described.

6. In combination with the freezing vessel and with its superposed trays, and lifting arms Q, Q, booked at their upper ends, and transversely connected at their lower ends, substantiallyras and for the purposes set forth.

7. In combination with the freezing vessel,

and with the trays and their lifting-arms within the vessel, the described pumps, heat-exchanger D, concentrator E, generator or furnace, vessel u, heat-exchanger C, filter 2, and storage-tank K, all substantially as set forth.

- CHARLES TELLIER. Witnesses:

L. DUPREZ. 

